I would certainly have said that things were very rosy and that we should sit back relaxed and say : “Very well done and now very little remains to be done as far as our nation is concerned.” But, unfortunately, that is not so. When these things are making progress, when nationalism has succeeded in certain areas, those forces which were defeated, have not accepted their defeat with any grace. They cannot, because it is not the forces but, really speaking, it is the interests which are defeated; and the vested interests never accept defeat so easily. That is the basic thing; and therefore they have now changed their fronts. They have changed their tactics and methods, they have changed their ways of doing things and changed the areas of functioning; and they have changed the instruments also. That is what we have to see, because they are not going to accept that as the final word, because they are not only nations or only groups of people, they are dominating world interests which can depend only on their capacity to exploit, and if at all have to understand these world forces ultimately, we must understand them in their correct perspective. Therefore, they are trying to find out some other ways, some other methods.

When they saw that their army itself could not succeed, and would never succeed, - that is one thing that is very clear now - they have found cut some other ways. The other way is trying to divide the developing countries, the nonaligned countries, trying to get those elements in those countries which are favourable to them. Here I would like to differ slightly from Dr. V. K. R. V. Rao. If I have understood him correctly there is nothing like internal Fascism alone. I do not believe in that sort of thing. Fascism is external as also internal. External Fascism has an opportunity to work mainly on internal base which is narrow. There is always some base of vested interest in socio-economic field in a country on which they try to build themselves. They make use of these forces also. That is exactly what is happening in Angola for example.

We have welcomed the independence of Angola. We have welcomed the independence of Mozambique. But what is happening in Mozambique and Angola today is an eye-opener. We find there the real representative of all world reactionaries, all reactionary philosophies, the imperialistic or neo-colonial economic policies, the racist policy. South Africa is the epitome of neo-colonialism. Today, South African forces are making an armed intervention in Angola. They are sending their armed forces to Angola. This is what is happening in Mozambique for example. In every colonial country, there are always certain elements. There is an army trained by the colonial powers. If that can be made use of, they certainly try to use it. There are some economic vested interests which can try to assert themselves. Because they have no further opportunity, they would like to give last battle. That is what is happening.

These are the negative elements to which I was making a reference, and these negative forces are not merely seen in the distant African continent. They are in the Indian Ocean, they are in South Asia, on our sub-continent. What is happening beyond the borders of our country and perhaps within our own country?